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قوانین مرتبط با انعقاد قراردادهای بین‌المللی | پراناتک

قوانین مرتبط با انعقاد قراردادهای بین‌المللی

خلاصه درس #

انعقاد یه قرارداد بین‌المللی با یه سری اصول و قوانین خاص همراه است. تو این درس، یاد می‌گیرین که چطور قانون حاکم و دادگاه صلاحیت‌دار رو انتخاب کنین، و چرا این انتخاب‌ها برای قرارداد شما خیلی مهم هستن.

موضوعات درس #
  1. قانون حاکم (Choice of Law)
    • یعنی مشخص کنین قوانین کدوم کشور برای قرارداد شما اعمال بشه.
    • مثال: اگه قرارداد بین یه شرکت ایرانی و یه شرکت آلمانی باشه، می‌تونین توافق کنین که قوانین آلمان یا حتی یه کشور ثالث مثل انگلیس اعمال بشه.
  1. صلاحیت دادگاه (Jurisdiction)
    • مشخص می‌کنه اگه اختلافی پیش بیاد، تو کدوم کشور و کدوم دادگاه بررسی بشه.
    • این مورد خیلی مهمه چون رسیدگی به پرونده‌ها در کشور شما ممکنه ساده‌تر باشه، ولی طرف مقابل ممکنه بخواد تو کشور خودش این کار رو انجام بده.
  1. نکات کلیدی در انتخاب قانون و دادگاه
    • خنثی بودن: گاهی اوقات بهتره قوانین یه کشور ثالث (مثل انگلیس یا سوئیس) رو انتخاب کنین که بی‌طرف باشه.
    • زبان حقوقی: اگه طرفین قوانین کشوری رو انتخاب کنن که زبانشون رو متوجه نمی‌شن، ممکنه پیچیدگی ایجاد کنه.
  1. نکات مهم در مذاکرات قرارداد
    • شفافیت: حتماً قبل از امضای قرارداد، قانون و دادگاه صلاحیت‌دار رو دقیق مشخص کنین.
    • هماهنگی: مطمئن بشین که انتخاب‌های شما تو تمام بخش‌های قرارداد هماهنگ باشه و تضادی ایجاد نشه.
  1. نمونه‌ای از کاربرد قانون حاکم و صلاحیت دادگاه
    • فرض کنین شرکت شما می‌خواد محصولی رو به یه شرکت فرانسوی بفروشد. شما می‌تونین توافق کنین که قوانین فرانسه یا یه کشور بی‌طرف اعمال بشه. همچنین می‌تونین مشخص کنین که در صورت اختلاف، داوری تو یه کشور دیگه مثل سوئیس انجام بشه.
تمرین پیشنهادی: #

فرض کنین می‌خواهید یه قرارداد صادراتی با یه شرکت خارجی ببندید. به این سؤالات فکر کنین:

  • چه قانونی برای این قرارداد مناسب‌تر است؟
  • ترجیح می‌دین در صورت اختلاف، پرونده کجا بررسی بشه؟
  • آیا انتخاب یه کشور بی‌طرف برای حل اختلاف منطقی‌تر است یا نه؟