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اصول کلی قراردادهای بین‌المللی | پراناتک

اصول کلی قراردادهای بین‌المللی

خلاصه درس #

قراردادهای بین‌المللی پایه هر معامله‌ای تو سطح جهانی هستن. تو این درس قراره یاد بگیریم قرارداد بین‌المللی چیست، چه ویژگی‌هایی داره، و چرا با قراردادهای داخلی فرق می‌کنه. هدفمون اینه که دید بهتری به این نوع قراردادها پیدا کنین.

موضوعات درس #
  1. قرارداد بین‌المللی یعنی چه؟
    • قرارداد بین‌المللی یه توافق رسمیه که بین طرف‌هایی از کشورهای مختلف بسته می‌شه.
    • این قراردادها می‌تونن برای خرید کالا، ارائه خدمات، نمایندگی یا حتی سرمایه‌گذاری باشن.
  1. چه چیزایی قراردادهای بین‌المللی رو خاص می‌کنه؟
    • چندجانبه بودن قوانین: برخلاف قراردادهای داخلی، اینجا قوانین دو یا چند کشور توش نقش دارن.
    • زبان و ترجمه: معمولاً این قراردادها به زبان انگلیسی نوشته می‌شن چون زبان جهانیه.
    • ریسک‌های خاص: مثل نوسانات ارز یا تفاوت‌های فرهنگی که باید بهشون توجه بشه.
  1. اصول اصلی تو قراردادهای بین‌المللی
    • پیشنهاد و پذیرش (Offer & Acceptance): هر قراردادی باید پیشنهاد و پذیرش مشخصی داشته باشه.
    • مبادله (Consideration): یعنی هر طرف باید چیزی بده و چیزی بگیرد (پول، کالا یا خدمات).
    • نقض قرارداد (Breach of Contract): اگه یکی از طرفین به تعهداتش عمل نکنه، نقض قرارداد اتفاق می‌افتد.
  1. تفاوت قراردادهای داخلی و بین‌المللی
    • تو قراردادهای داخلی معمولاً قوانین یه کشور حاکمن، ولی تو قراردادهای بین‌المللی باید مشخص بشه قوانین کدوم کشور ملاک هستن.
    • اگه اختلافی پیش بیاد، تو قراردادهای داخلی راه‌حل راحت‌تره، ولی تو قراردادهای بین‌المللی ممکنه داوری یا استفاده از قوانین خاص لازم باشه.
  1. چند نکته مهم که باید حواستون باشه
    • زبان قرارداد: همیشه زبانی که برای دو طرف قابل درکه (معمولاً انگلیسی) انتخاب کنین.
    • قانون حاکم (Choice of Law): تعیین کنین که قوانین کدوم کشور برای حل اختلافات استفاده می‌شن.
    • صلاحیت دادگاه (Jurisdiction): مشخص کنین اگه مشکلی پیش اومد، تو کدوم دادگاه موضوع بررسی بشه.
تمرین کوچیک: #

فرض کنین یه محصول رو می‌خواهید به یه کشور خارجی صادر کنین. به این سؤال‌ها فکر کنین:

  • چه زبانی برای قرارداد انتخاب می‌کنین؟
  • قانون کدوم کشور برای قرارداد مناسب‌تر است؟
  • اگر اختلافی پیش بیاد، ترجیح می‌دهید در کجا حل بشه؟